This section will describe some of the unique needs of specific populations and other considerations that have not been addressed elsewhere.
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4.1: Intersectionality Theory in the Context of Rehabilitation
Intersectionality theory suggests that social identities are not independent but are multiple and intersecting.1 As a result, human lives and their social dimensions cannot be reduced to single characteristics and…
4.2: Children and Youth
Immigrant and refugee children arriving in Canada are at increased risk for HIV infection compared with Canadian-born children.1 As more children living with HIV get access to antiretroviral therapy, they…
4.3: HIV and Aging
Due to the success of modern ART and an increase in the average age of new HIV diagnoses, the population of Canadians living with HIV is aging. Over 50% of…
4.4: Substance Use
Intravenous drug use is an important risk factor for transmission of HIV, accounting for 30% of new infections in Canada.1 In addition, approximately 20% of people living with HIV in…
4.5: Trauma
Histories of trauma has been defined as events or circumstances “experienced by an individual as physically or emotionally harmful or life-threatening which have lasting adverse effects on the individual’s functioning…
4.6: Racialized Populations
Research suggests that societal stigma related to race and ethnicity is associated with racial/ethnic HIV disparities via its manifestations at the structural level (e.g., residential segregation) as well as the…
4.7: Indigenous Populations
From the early days of the HIV epidemic, Indigenous peoples were identified as a population group that experiences social and economic determinants – including colonialism, marginalization and racism – that…
4.8: HIV, Sex and Gender
Gender has been generally defined as shared expectations and norms held by society about appropriate male and female behavior, characteristics and roles.1 Gender differs from the concept of sex in…
4.9: HIV and COVID-19
COVID-19 is an illness caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The main symptoms are fever, cough and breathing difficulties. A small proportion of people develop severe pneumonia and require intensive…
4.10: Is HIV itself a disability?
The answer to this question depends on what you mean by disability. In this resource, we consider people with disabilities to include those who have long-term or episodic physical, mental,…